An alpha listing of notable debut book prizes, from the U.S. and U.K.
Desmond Elliott Prize, first novel written in English and published in the UK
http://www.desmondelliottprize.org/about_the_prize.asp
The Edgar Award, for best mystery, first novel category
http://www.theedgars.com/nominees.html#bestfirst
Flaherty-Dunnan First Novel Prize
http://centerforfiction.org/awards/the-flaherty-dunnan-first-novel-prize/
Guardian First Book Award
http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/guardianfirstbookaward
LA Times Book Prizes, The Art Seidenbaum Award for First Fiction
http://events.latimes.com/bookprizes/
PEN/Hemingway Award for debut fiction
http://www.pen-ne.org/news-noteworthy/penhemingway-award
Sue Kaufman Prize for First Fiction
http://www.artsandletters.org/awards2_popup.php?abbrev=kaufman
VCU Cabell First Novelist Award, outstanding debut novels
Useful list, thank you!