The Rise, Fall and Rise of the Population of Parkes Shire Part 3 The ABS years: 1976 – present

This photograph was taken from the first floor of Parkes Leagues Club looking onto the attempt at the record for most people hitting a tennis ball on a racquet at one time. Parkes now holds the record with 772 people taking part, many coming from all over the Parkes Shire. The building in white and blue is the clock tower building, and everyone assembled is on Clarinda Street. The cross street is Browne Street. This photograph was taken by Hank Paul on Saturday November 16, 2013. Source: Parkes Champion Post

In August 2016 the latest census was conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and HistoryParkes thought it would be interesting to look at how the population of the Parkes Shire has changed over the years. This is the third and final in our series of blog posts focusing on the fluctuating number of people in our Shire since official recording began – The Rise, Fall and Rise of the Population of the Parkes Shire. For Part 1 1865 – 1945 click here & for Part 2 1947 – 1971 click here

From January 1st 1974, the Commonwealth Bureau of Census and Statistics was disbanded and replaced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (Source: A Brief History of Australia’s National Statistical Office. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2016, from ABS website) This was the result of the 1973 Whitlam Labor Government who:

…established the Committee on Integration of Data Systems, known as the Crisp Committee after its chairman, L.F. Crisp….The Crisp Committee reported in March 1974. It recommended the establishment of the Australian Bureau of Statistics as the central statistical authority with full statutory powers, administratively independent of any department and thereby perceived to be policy neutral.

Source: Building A National Statistical Agency: From the CBCS to the ABS (page 10)

1976 Census

The first national census conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics highlighted that Parkes’ population trend was the opposite of Peak Hill’s, Trundle’s and Tullamore’s. While the three towns decreased in population, Parkes was still growing. Other issues that people of the Parkes Shire were wrestling with included the debate over whether to legalise gambling casinos in New South Wales, Peak Hill businesses were upset with Goobang Shire Council for taking down advertising signs and Tullamore residents were having a town meeting to canvas views on approaching Goobang Shire Council about building a new doctor’s surgery and residence. Other local news around the time before the ABS Census (June 30th) was news that Our Lady of Mercy High School was set to close its doors at the end of the year, while NSW Permanent Building Society Ltd opened an agency within Payne’s Pharmacy. Woolworths weren’t “the fresh food people” yet and launched a new logo (and would later open the first Big W discount store in Tamworth).

1976 Census figures. Source: ABS website

Newspapers were an integral part of promoting events and activities in 1976 and the local newspaper indicated that 157 people had been selected as distributors and collectors of census forms. Source: Parkes Champion Post Wednesday June 23, 1976 page 6

Woolworths advertisement in local newspaper. Notice the stylised W logo which was used from 1976 until 1987 (when the “Fresh Food People” campaign was launched). According to the ABS website, the average weekly wage in June 1976 was $180.30 Source: Parkes Champion Post Wednesday June 23, 1976 page 10

1981 Census

Five years later and the 1981 Census was a momentous occasion for the Australian Bureau of Statistics. While this was the second census conducted by the ABS, and the tenth national census, 100 years ago all six Australian colonies conducted their own census simultaneously. The news that locals were concerned with were discussions about whether Parkes Library should amalgamate with Forbes Library; locals were lamenting Parkes First Grade being bottom of the rugby league ladder and pointless after the first round – prompting a Q & A session in the newspaper with then club president Kevin Dwyer! The automotive industry was experiencing a purple patch, with Ford having successfully launched the Bronco, Subaru its 4WD ute the Brumby, and Daihatsu were expanding their range due to good sales (especially with the Charade). Television viewers were captivated by ABC’s Australian mini-series I Can Jump Puddles.

Source: ABS website

Local newspaper article informing why the census is needed. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday June 29, 1981 page 2

Back in 1981 completing the census could only be down by pen and paper. Despite the “old school” technology, the ABS still needed to inform the general public with some tips to assist them filling in the census.

Whole page advertisement in local newspaper. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday June 29, 1981 page 5

In addition to newspaper and radio announcements, the ABS were due to address Australia on national broadcaster ABC on Census night. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday June 29, 1981 page 6

1986 Census

The 1986 Census date coincided with not one but two premier sporting events – game three in rugby league’s State of Origin series (with NSW winning the first ever clean sweep of the series), and the FIFA World Cup Final between West Germany and Diego “Hand of God” Maradona’s Argentina (the FIFA World Cup Final was played in Mexico on 29th June at 12pm, making it 5am on June 30th in eastern Australian states)

Parkes’ number of persons was down on the previous survey, while Peak Hill and Trundle reported slight increases. Locally, the front page news main story was the closing of the Parkes Manual Assistance Centre after 20 years. Shire residents calling 013 would no longer hear a local voice assisting them with their enquiry, rather all calls were to be switched to Telecom’s (now known as ‘Telstra’) statewide computerised directory assistance. Also on the front page, police thanked the residents of Tullamore, Tottenham and Peak Hill for their cooperation in apprehending a major criminal.

Source: ABS website

Advertisement for 1986 Census. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday June 30, 1986 page 5

Front page of Parkes Champion Post on census day. The police article highlights the hospitality of the Parkes Shire, while the main story sees the march of progress as local telephone assistance ceases. The bottom right has an advertisement for local iconic food store, “Chester the Chick”. According to the ABS, the average weekly wage was $409.20 Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday June 30, 1986 page 1

Australian Bureau of Statistics map of New South Wales. Parkes is listed on the map, but not Peak Hill, Trundle or Tullamore. Source: ABS website

1991 Census

1991’s Census was the first time that the national statistical document would be completed on the first Tuesday in August (August 6th). This pattern has continued to the present day. Making news in 1991, Australians were getting a taste for new television program, “The Simpsons”. Also creating conversation was Normie Rowe and Ron Casey coming to blows on “Midday with Ray Martin”. A British computer scientist, Tim Berners-Lee, releases his plans for an idea he calls ‘the world wide web’!

Only Trundle’s figures increase from the previous census, with Parkes’ population less than what it was twenty years ago. With the change of Census night’s date, the local newspaper was full of news regarding Education Week. Also in the Parkes Champion Post was news of the inaugural season of Tullamore Termites rugby club.

Source: ABS website

Newspaper photograph showing Census collector, Dorelle Grady leaving a Census form with Bob Nelson. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday August 5, 1991 page 3

Spotlight on a student of Parkes High School who was preparing to compete in the NSW school cross country carnival. Scott Westcott would have to wait 25 years before making his Olympic debut at Rio 2016 in the marathon (there is a separate blog entry on Scott here). Scott’s hero, Steve Moneghetti won the City2Surf for the fourth consecutive year in 1991, setting the course record which still stands today. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday August 5, 1991 page 6 and City2Surf website

1996 Census

Parkes Shire was buzzing, as was the rest of the nation, in anticipation of the Sydney Olympic Games in four years time. The Parkes Champion Post was reporting on the plans for the second Bushtucker Day in Trundle; and promoting the upcoming Tullamore Show with ringmaster Tom McMahon expecting huge crowds with the quality program. Tom McMahon is the grandfather to another Olympian of the Parkes Shire, Peter McMahon who went to Beijing 2008 for equestrian – Peter is featured in a blog post here. Also of significance to locals was the commemoration service for the 30th anniversary of the Battle of Long Tan.

The last Census of the 20th Century saw Parkes’ population the highest it has ever been  since the boom of the gold rush days. Parkes Shire was becoming a tourist destination, with The Dish a scientific and historic landmark plus events such as Parkes Elvis Revival (later to evolve into Parkes Elvis Festival) in its fourth year; and  Trundle Bushtucker Day about to host its second event (The Tullamore Irish Festival was still a twinkle in the eye, not commencing for another eight years)

Source: ABS website

A successful inaugural event, plans were well underway for the second Trundle Bushtucker day – now a huge event on the Parkes Shire’s social calendar. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday August 5, 1996 page 2

Newspaper reporting on the 30th anniversary of The Battle of Long Tan. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday August 5, 1991 page 3

2001 Census

The first Census of the 21st Century was also the last Australian census before the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Centre in New York – and also The Pentagon and in Pennsylvania – would change the world forever. Digital television was slowly being embraced in Australia, with the ABC launching its first digital multi-channel service, ABC Kids. The character of Russell Coight had just been introduced in  All Aussie Adventures, as had a new Australian drama series, McLeod’s Daughters. In music, Parkes residents were rocking along to Uncle Kracker’s “Follow Me”, Nikki Webster’s “Strawberry Kisses” and Lifehouse’s debut single “Hanging By A Moment”. A day before the Census, local newspaper Parkes Champion Post featured news of local lad and triple Olympian, Stephen Davies, marrying Keran Hawkes in Royal Perth Yacht Club.

The Census revealed that Parkes’ population had dropped, returning to four figures. Peak Hill dropped, a trend that would continue for each following Census. Trundle and Tullamore experienced slight decreases.

Source: ABS website

A reminder about the upcoming Census. In the Centenary of Federation, the ABS were asking each household if they would agree to new changes in regards to archiving personal details. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday August 6, 2001

Fine China! Favourite son of the Parkes Shire – triple Olympian Stephen “China” Davies – marries Keran Hawkes in Perth. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday August 6, 2001 page 4

2006 Census

Around Census night in 2006, Australia’s long-running (and still going) children’s program, Play School, was celebrating 40 years on air. Sadly Australian game show, Wheel of Fortune ended (it was shortly revived in 2008 lasting another five weeks before being cancelled).

The Census revealed that Parkes had experienced a slight increase in its population, while the downward trend continued for Peak Hill, Trundle and Tullamore. Tullamore had experienced the thrill of hosting an annual festival, with the Tullamore Irish Festival in its third year and growing each time. 2006 saw the ABS introduce eCensus, an online form that could be completed over the internet. According to ABS figures, just over 10% of Australians completed the census using this new technology (Source: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/lookup/2903.0Main%20Features92011)

Source: ABS website

While the population of Parkes increases, the remainder of the Shire’s towns would continue their downward trend. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday September 3, 2007 page 3

Front page of the local newspaper! The important data that ABS provides needs huge community involvement in the collection stage. Source: Parkes Champion Post Friday July 28, 2006 page 1

2011 Census

At the time of writing, this is the last Census with available data (Census 2016 information will start its staggered release in April 2017). Parkes would continue to grow, as part of the Central West which would offer many benefits to those wishing to escape the city. In addition there was the proposed plans for the National Logistics Hub, with Parkes’ location as the crossroads of the nation its great advantage (see http://www.parkeschampionpost.com.au/story/4101307/possibilities-for-growth-are-endless-in-central-nsw/ and http://www.parkeshub.com.au/index.php/2011-05-04-02-22-33) With Northparkes mine providing employment, agriculture coming out of the Millenium Drought and new tourism opportunities, the Parkes Shire was seen as a desirable place to live. Trundle residents decided to think laterally to attract new families to relocate and reside in the town “where the wattle blooms”. The Trundle Treechange was an initiative that offered families a Trundle home for $1 per week rent. Such was the popularity of the scheme that an ABC documentary was filmed about the experience. Trundle resident, Andrew Rawsthorne, was interviewed by ABC Central West radio about the long-term benefits of the intiative (to listen to the interview click here) In addition to the Treechange, Trundle would demonstrate that they support their community with initiatives such as Keep Trundle Busy, Win a Nissan for Chrissie and the ever-popular and continually growing Trundle ABBA Festival – Australia’s first dedicated ABBA festival!

Source: ABS website

Advertisement asking for Census collectors. Source: Parkes Champion Post Wednesday April 13, 2011 page 12

Local newspaper report on Census collection with the 2011 Census set for Tuesday August 9. Area manager, Carmel Coutts is photographed before collection night outside Parkes Champion Post offices. Source: Parkes Champion Post Friday August 5, 2011 page 2

The eCensus – completing the Census over the Internet – was introduced in 2006 and would continue in 2011. could complete an eCensus – an early version of online census. Here journalist, Roel ten Cate, poses with Census collector, Bob Gould. Source: Parkes Champion Post Friday August 12, 2011 page 2

You must remember this! Back page of the local newspaper one day before Census night 2011. Parkes Spacemen demolished arch-rivals Forbes Magpies, sealing the Group 11 premiership with an 80-0 win! Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday August 8, 2011 page 16

There were many celebrations in Parkes around Census night 2011. Victoria Cross recipient and local boy, Rawdon Hume Middleton, would have been 95 in 2011. Middleton Public School held a special celebration remembering and honouring the values and qualities of this ever-popular Parkes Shire resident. Source: Parkes Champion Post Monday August 8, 2011 page 2

Graph of all ABS Censuses for Parkes Shire towns

Table of all Parkes Shire towns that feature in every ABS-produced Census. Chart made using Online Chart Tool

Parkes

While the huge population at the height of the gold boom (30,000) is still a long way off, the town of Parkes has grown to over 10,000 and looks set to continue. Its vantage point of centrally located, abundance of natural resources and progressive outlook has not only seen steady growth in the history of the national census, but also created a town with strong community bonds and an ideal place for families, individuals and businesses.

Even as far back as 1911, Parkes’ unique position within the nation was recognised. This article highlights the need for forward thinking in regards to supplies of resources. While not afraid to criticise the leadership of the local government, it is still conducted with integrity and respect. To read the article in its entirety click here. Source: The Western Champion Friday 15 September 1911 page 3

Parkes residents have taken part in the Northparkes GP Cup in an effort to raise money which will assist in attracting doctors to the Shire. Source: Parkes Champion Post Wednesday October 26, 2011 page 3

Graph detailing the history of the town of Parkes from national census results. 1996 saw the population exceeding 10,000 for the first time since the gold rush days. Residents are awaiting the results of August 2016 census to see if the recent trend in increasing population continues. Source: ABS website Chart made using Online Chart Tool.

Peak Hill

In contrast to Parkes’ growth, Peak Hill has experienced declining numbers in the history of the national census. Partially responsible has been the closure of the mines, although the discovery of gold in Tomingley has slowed the decrease in recent years. With beautiful buildings ideally located on the Newell Highway, Peak Hill is largely a blank canvas just awaiting entrepreneurs with vision. To view the article in its entirety click here. Source: Western Champion Thursday 21 July 1921 page 17

Graph detailing the history of the population of Peak Hill from national census results. 1961 saw the summit of Peak Hill’s figures. While wheat is still the main resource, there are many residents look to tourism activities as the solution to help business in the town. Source: ABS website Chart made using Online Chart Tool.

Trundle

As highlighted in the article below, Trundle was experiencing significant growth prior to the First World War. Just like in other rural districts, the Great War had a huge impact on Trundle as described here “from the small village of Trundle and its district a total of 149 young men enlisted over the period of the war” (Watts & Wright, 1987 p174)

While drought and the increase in farm sizes has seen people leave to search for work elsewhere, Trundle has shown its resilience and determination to redress the population decrease by initiating forward thinking schemes such as Trundle Bushtucker Day, Trundle ABBA Festival and the Trundle Treechange, which resulted in national broadcaster ABC producing and airing a six part documentary on Trundle as well as featuring on ABC’s Landline program http://www.abc.net.au/landline/content/2015/s4245609.htm

Trundle experiences growth! To view the article in its entirety click here. Source: Western Champion Friday May 3 1912 page 16

The Census measures population but not initiative and determination! The Trundle community have been creative in their ways to promote their town, support local businesses and attract new residents. Source: Parkes Champion Post Friday December 23, 2011 page 16

Front page of the local newspaper highlights Trundle’s big night plus Tullamore’s Irish Festival entertainment. Also included is a report about the creative and culture that many residents believe deserves a higher profile. Down the bottom is a headline for the Australian Marbles Championships, held exclusively in Parkes. Source: Parkes Champion Post Friday March 30, 2012 page 1

Trundle on the front page! The initiative and collaboration of the Trundle community to reverse dwindling population figures. Source: Parkes Champion Post Friday March 23, 2012 page 1

Graph of the history of the population of Trundle from national census results. While Trundle may never return to the population high of 2,400 from the first Australian Census, the community has shown determination, creativity and collaboration to make sure that Trundle survives. Source: ABS website Chart made using Online Chart Tool.

Tullamore

An excerpt in Western Champion highlighting the need for a wine license as Tullamore experiences growth. To read the article in its entirety click here. Source: Western Champion Friday October 20, 1911 page 11

The Parkes Shire were patriots through and through as the excerpt from this article explains. As well as raising funds, all towns and villages supplied manpower to serve King and country in the Great War. To read the article in its entirety click here. Source: Western Champion Thursday August 24, 1916 page 6

Highlighting the transformation of Trundle and Tullamore this excerpt describes Trundle as a ‘populous wheat centre’. Meanwhile Tullamore land was a bargain at £1 per acre! To read the article in its entirety click here. Source: Western Champion Thursday February 15, 1917 page 22

Little Tullamore big hearted! An excerpt of an article that highlights the enormous generosity of the Tullamore community after the First World War. To read the article in its entirety click here. Source: Western Champion Thursday March 6, 1919 page 11

Graph of the history of the population of Tullamore from national census results. From a tiny village of 50, Tullamore has experienced a population boom and then seen slow decreasing numbers. Farming is still vital to Tullamore, with the Tullamore Irish Festival a major event on the Parkes Shire social calendar. Source: ABS website Chart made using Online Chart Tool.

The first national Census was not without criticism or incident as this excerpt displays. Source: Western Champion Friday April 7, 1911 page 10

The goldfields might have brought the first settlers to the Parkes Shire, but it is the many activities and events that keep bringing people back year after year. Source: Parkes Champion Post Wednesday October 19, 2011 page 16

Table detailing the history of population censuses in Australia from 1828 to 2006. Source: ABS website

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