The Changers of the direction of the wind.

In days of old when leaders were bold,

And legends carved in stone,

There lived a truth, both wise and cold,

For all to call their own.

‘Tis better far, the sages say,

To ride with those who dare,

To shift the winds and pave the way,

Than yield to every air.

In castle high and village low,

This lesson took its root,

Wherever daring hearts did go,

In quest of life’s pursuit.

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the great,

A leader brave and wise,

Could steer the storm and shape the fate,

And see through all disguise.

With him, the bravest sought to ride,

Through tempest, rain, and gale,

For he would turn the shifting tide,

And fill the hearts with tale.

Yet many more would choose the path,

Of ease and comfort’s kin,

To float along the aftermath,

Wherever winds had been.

For winds may change and twist the fates,

And fortune favors bold,

Who harness might and face the gates,

Of legends yet untold.

So heed the call, ye valiant souls,

And seek the path untried,

Where those who alter winds and shoals,

With steadfast hearts abide.

‘Tis better far to keep their side,

Where dreams and deeds align,

Than with the passive to reside,

And mark the sands of time.

For history remembers well,

The changers of the wind,

Their stories in the ages tell,

Where true resolve begins.

So ride with those who steer the course,

And shape the tempest’s call,

For in their wake, you’ll find the source,

Of honor’s hallowed hall.

———-Maheverse

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सही हवाओं के साथ

हवा के रुख को जो बदल दें, उनके साथ रहना बेहतर होता है,
जो उसकी दिशा में चलें, उनसे दूर रहना बेहतर होता है।

वो जो तूफानों में भी राह बनाते हैं,
उनके संग ही चलना बेहतर होता है।

जो मुश्किलों में भी न हार मानें,
उनके साथ सदा रहना बेहतर होता है।

जो अपने हौंसले से पर्वत हिला दें,
उनके साथ सफ़र करना बेहतर होता है।

जो रास्ते को रोशन कर दें,
उनके साथ बढ़ना बेहतर होता है।

जो दिलों में उम्मीद की किरण जगाएं,
उनके साथ जीना बेहतर होता है।

हर कदम पे जो संजीदा हो,
उनके साथ ही रहना बेहतर होता है। ------महेवर्स

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The Catastrophic Threat of Antimicrobial Resistance: A Tale of Neglect and Regulatory Lapses

In the intricate ecosystem of modern medical triumphs, antimicrobials stand as a monumental thread, weaving a fabric of hope and survival against microbial infections. However, this bastion of medical progress is under siege by a formidable adversary—antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR poses a dire and catastrophic threat to humanity, casting a long, ominous shadow over the future of global health. Among the myriad factors contributing to this perilous situation, a notable failure lies in the non-enforcement of the provisions of the Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1940 by the Drug Controller of India and the State Food and Drug Administrations (FDAs)/Drug Controllers.

The Alarming Rise of Antimicrobial Resistance

Antimicrobial resistance occurs when microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites evolve to resist the drugs designed to kill them. This natural phenomenon is exacerbated by the misuse and overuse of antimicrobials in humans, animals, and agriculture. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared AMR one of the top ten global public health threats facing humanity. The statistics are alarming: a 2019 study published in The Lancet estimated that AMR directly caused 1.27 million deaths globally, with another 4.95 million deaths associated with bacterial AMR .

In India, the situation is particularly dire. The country accounts for one of the highest burdens of bacterial infections in the world, and the prevalence of AMR is rising at an alarming rate. A 2020 report by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) highlighted that resistance to commonly used antibiotics like fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and carbapenems is increasing among pathogens such as *Escherichia coli*, *Klebsiella pneumoniae*, and *Acinetobacter baumannii*. These bacteria are responsible for severe infections, including urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and bloodstream infections .

The Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1940: A Neglected Guardian

Amidst the burgeoning crisis of antimicrobial resistance, the Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1940 was conceived as a vigilant guardian, a sentinel poised to protect the public health of India. This Act, meticulously crafted, sought to regulate the import, manufacture, distribution, and sale of drugs and cosmetics, ensuring their safety, efficacy, and quality. It bestowed upon the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) and State Drug Controllers the authority to enforce its provisions, which include stringent regulations on the prescription and sale of antibiotics.

Central to these protective measures is the role of pharmacists, whose presence in pharmacies is mandated by law. Their duty in the battle against antimicrobial resistance is of paramount importance. Pharmacists are entrusted with the responsibility to verify the appropriateness of prescribed drugs, their dosages, and the legitimacy of the prescribing doctor. They must ascertain whether the prescribed medicines are necessary or merely pushed by doctors under the influence of pharmaceutical companies. Moreover, they counsel patients on the correct timing and duration of medication use, thereby playing a crucial role in preventing the misuse of antimicrobials and minimizing the risk of drug resistance.

In essence, pharmacists are required to audit prescriptions and advise patients to ensure that unnecessary use of antimicrobials is avoided, thus reducing the chances of drug resistance. Regrettably, in India, regulatory bodies often fail to ensure the consistent presence of pharmacists in pharmacies. This failure stands as the most significant factor contributing to the rampant rise of antimicrobial resistance in the country.

There are, however, notable exceptions to this pervasive neglect. The tenure of Mr. Mahesh Zagade as Commissioner of the FDA in Maharashtra from 2011 to 2014 serves as a beacon of what stringent enforcement can achieve. During his tenure, Zagade rigorously implemented the provisions of the Act, prioritizing patient safety and shielding the public from the malpractices of drug manufacturers and traders. His example illustrates that with proper enforcement of the law, the threat of drug resistance can indeed be tackled effectively.

This narrative underscores the critical need for rigorous regulatory oversight and the indispensable role of pharmacists in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. It is a clarion call to fortify our defenses, uphold the provisions of the Drug and Cosmetics Act, and ensure that every pharmacy in India serves as a bulwark against this looming health crisis.

Despite this robust legal framework, the enforcement of these provisions has been woefully inadequate. This regulatory failure has significantly contributed to the rampant misuse of antibiotics, a primary driver of AMR. Over-the-counter sales of antibiotics without prescriptions are commonplace, and counterfeit or substandard drugs are alarmingly prevalent in the market. The lack of stringent enforcement and oversight has created an environment where antibiotics are used indiscriminately, leading to increased resistance.

The Failure of Enforcement: A Case Study

Consider the case of a bustling city in India, where antibiotics can be purchased as easily as over-the-counter painkillers. Here, the Drug Controller’s office, under the purview of the Drug and Cosmetics Act, is tasked with regular inspections and crackdowns on unauthorized sales. However, due to a combination of bureaucratic inertia, lack of resources, and alleged corruption, these regulations are seldom enforced.

In 2021, an investigative report by a leading national newspaper revealed that in several states, including Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu, antibiotics were being sold without prescriptions in more than 70% of surveyed pharmacies . This blatant disregard for the law not only undermines the fight against AMR but also endangers public health on a massive scale.

The Human Toll: Stories from the Frontlines

The impact of this regulatory failure is not merely statistical; it is profoundly human. In rural and urban hospitals alike, doctors face the harrowing task of treating infections with dwindling therapeutic options. Take the story of Rani, a 32-year-old mother from Uttar Pradesh. She was admitted to a local hospital with a severe urinary tract infection. Despite receiving multiple courses of antibiotics, her condition worsened. The doctors eventually identified the culprit: a multi-drug resistant strain of *Escherichia coli*, resistant to all first-line antibiotics.

Rani’s story is not unique. Across India, patients suffer prolonged illnesses, higher medical costs, and increased mortality due to antibiotic-resistant infections. The economic burden is staggering, with a 2017 report by the World Bank predicting that by 2050, AMR could result in a 3.8% reduction in global GDP and push an additional 28 million people into poverty .

The Path Forward: Urgent Reforms and Global Cooperation

To avert the looming catastrophe of AMR, urgent and coordinated action is required. Strengthening the enforcement of the Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1940 must be a top priority. This involves stringent implementation of the law by the DCGI and State FDAs, enhancing surveillance and monitoring systems, and implementing stricter penalties for violations.

Moreover, public awareness campaigns are crucial to educate the populace about the dangers of antibiotic misuse. Healthcare professionals must also be trained to prescribe antibiotics judiciously, adhering to evidence-based guidelines.

International collaboration is essential in this fight. India must engage with global partners to share data, research, and best practices. The WHO’s Global Action Plan on AMR provides a comprehensive framework for countries to develop and implement national action plans. India’s National Action Plan on AMR, launched in 2017, is a step in the right direction, but its success hinges on effective implementation and enforcement.

A Call to Action

The specter of antimicrobial resistance is a dire and catastrophic threat that demands immediate attention and decisive action. The failure to enforce the provisions of the Drug and Cosmetics Act of 1940 has significantly contributed to this crisis in India. However, it is not too late to reverse the tide. With concerted efforts from government authorities, healthcare professionals, and the public, we can fortify our defenses against AMR and safeguard the health of future generations. The time to act is now, for the stakes could not be higher.

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The Information Age:

Navigating the Assault on the Human Mind.

Introduction:

In the labyrinthine corridors of history, epochs are demarcated not only by the grandiose sweep of revolutions or the rise and fall of empires, but also by the subtler currents that shape the human experience. Among these currents, none is perhaps as pervasive or profound as the relentless assault of information that characterises our present age. From the advent of the internet to the ubiquity of smartphones, we find ourselves immersed in a sea of data, navigating its tumultuous waves with varying degrees of trepidation and awe.

The Weight of Information:

The human mind, once heralded as the pinnacle of cognitive prowess, now finds itself under siege, besieged by a ceaseless barrage of information. With each passing moment, we are bombarded by a cacophony of voices clamouring for attention, each vying for its moment in the spotlight of our consciousness. From social media updates to news alerts, from emails to text messages, the deluge of information is unrelenting, overwhelming our senses and inundating our minds.

Consider, for instance, the phenomenon of social media. Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have revolutionised the way we communicate, connecting us to a global network of friends, family, and acquaintances with unprecedented ease and immediacy. Yet, for all their virtues, these platforms also inundate us with a never-ending stream of updates, notifications, and status updates, each vying for our attention and demanding our engagement.

Similarly, the rise of smartphones has transformed the way we access information, putting the sum total of human knowledge at our fingertips with a few taps of the screen. From news articles to Wikipedia entries, from YouTube videos to podcasts, the sheer volume and variety of information available to us is staggering, dwarfing the libraries of Alexandria in its scope and scale.

The Consequences of Information Overload:

Yet, for all its benefits, this torrent of information comes at a cost—a cost that is perhaps most keenly felt in the realm of creativity and innovation. For as our minds become increasingly inundated with information, they struggle to find the time and space for reflection, contemplation, and creative expression. The result is a stagnation of the human imagination, a stifling of the very creativity that has propelled our species forward throughout the ages.

Consider, for instance, the state of scientific progress in recent decades. While there have undoubtedly been countless advancements and breakthroughs in fields ranging from medicine to physics, many of these achievements can be traced back to the foundational work of earlier generations of scientists and inventors. Rare are the instances of truly revolutionary discoveries that fundamentally alter our understanding of the universe, with most progress coming in the form of incremental improvements upon existing knowledge.

Similarly, in the realms of literature and philosophy, the landscape is marked by a dearth of originality and innovation. Classic literary works and profound philosophical treatises are few and far between, overshadowed by a sea of derivative content and superficial commentary. The relentless pursuit of information consumption leaves little room for the kind of deep, introspective thought that gives rise to truly transformative ideas.

The Path Forward:

And yet, amidst the din of information overload, there remains a glimmer of hope—a recognition that true progress lies not in the accumulation of facts and figures, but in the cultivation of wisdom and insight. It is incumbent upon us, as stewards of the human intellect, to create an ecosystem that nurtures and sustains the creative impulse within us, allowing it to flourish in the fertile soil of the mind.

To achieve this, we must first acknowledge the detrimental effects of information overload on our cognitive well-being. We must recognise that the incessant pursuit of new information, while ostensibly enriching, can ultimately impoverish the mind, robbing it of the time and space it needs to incubate truly original ideas.

Next, we must actively cultivate practices that promote creativity and innovation. This may involve carving out dedicated time for reflection and contemplation, engaging in activities that stimulate the imagination, and fostering an environment that values experimentation and risk-taking.

Moreover, we must resist the temptation to equate productivity with busyness—to recognise that true creativity often emerges in moments of stillness and solitude, rather than in the frenetic hustle and bustle of modern life.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the assault of information on humanity may be unprecedented in its scale and scope, but it is not insurmountable. With courage, determination, and a commitment to the principles of creativity and innovation, we can reclaim control of our minds and chart a course towards a brighter, more enlightened future. For ultimately, it is not the volume of information that defines us as a species, but the depth of our understanding, the breadth of our compassion, and the richness of our imagination.

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The Eternal Quest for Truth: Examining the Legacy of Mahatma Phule’s Satyashodhak Samaj in Modern Context

Introduction:

In the annals of history, the pursuit of truth has often been a contentious endeavor, challenged by societal norms, religious doctrines, and political agendas. In 1873, against the backdrop of colonial India, Mahatma Phule boldly established the Satyashodhak Samaj, a society dedicated to unraveling the truth and challenging entrenched beliefs. In an era when such pursuits were considered sacrilegious and antithetical to nationalist ideals, Phule’s initiative was revolutionary. However, as we navigate the complexities of the modern world, it begs the question: Is the pursuit of truth once more castigated as sacrilege?

Mahatma Phule and the Satyashodhak Samaj:

Mahatma Jyotirao Phule, a prominent social reformer in 19th-century India, envisioned a society free from the shackles of caste discrimination, gender inequality, and religious dogma. His seminal work, “Gulamgiri” (Slavery), challenged the hierarchical caste system and advocated for social justice and education for the oppressed classes. Phule’s beliefs were deeply rooted in the pursuit of truth, which he saw as essential for the liberation of society from ignorance and injustice.

In 1873, Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj, or the Society of Seekers of Truth, with the aim of promoting rational thinking, social equality, and scientific inquiry. The Samaj provided a platform for individuals to question prevailing beliefs, challenge traditional customs, and advocate for progressive ideals. Through publications, public lectures, and grassroots activism, Phule and his followers sought to dismantle oppressive structures and foster a more egalitarian society based on reason and compassion.

The Challenges of Truth-Seeking:

Despite its noble intentions, the Satyashodhak Samaj faced fierce opposition from conservative forces within Indian society. Brahminical orthodoxy, colonial authorities, and even some nationalist leaders viewed Phule’s endeavors with suspicion, fearing that his advocacy for truth and social equality would disrupt the status quo and undermine their authority. Phule and his followers endured persecution, censorship, and social ostracism as they challenged entrenched power structures and advocated for marginalized communities.

In contemporary discourse, the pursuit of truth continues to face obstacles and opposition, albeit in different forms. In an age of misinformation, echo chambers, and ideological polarization, the quest for truth is often overshadowed by subjective narratives, partisan agendas, and vested interests. Social media platforms, once hailed as bastions of free expression and information exchange, have become breeding grounds for misinformation, propaganda, and echo chambers, where truth is often obscured by sensationalism and clickbait headlines.

The Role of Truth in Modern Society:

In an era marked by global crises, technological advancements, and socio-political upheavals, the importance of truth cannot be overstated. From climate change and public health to economic inequality and human rights, the pursuit of truth is essential for informed decision-making, accountability, and social progress. However, the dissemination of misinformation, conspiracy theories, and propaganda undermines trust in institutions, erodes democratic norms, and exacerbates societal divisions.

Moreover, the weaponization of truth for political gain, corporate interests, and ideological agendas further complicates the quest for truth in the digital age. As public discourse becomes increasingly polarized and tribalistic, facts are often distorted, manipulated, or outright ignored to suit partisan narratives and advance ideological agendas. In such a climate, the pursuit of truth is not only marginalized but also vilified as a threat to entrenched power structures and vested interests.

In conclusion, the legacy of Mahatma Phule and the Satyashodhak Samaj serves as a timeless reminder of the importance of truth in the pursuit of social justice, equality, and human dignity. In an age where truth is often obscured by misinformation, propaganda, and partisan agendas, Phule’s commitment to truth-seeking remains as relevant as ever. As we confront the challenges of the modern world, let us heed the lessons of history and uphold the pursuit of truth as a sacred and noble endeavor worthy of our collective aspiration. Only by embracing truth and rejecting falsehood can we hope to build a more just, equitable, and enlightened society for future generations.

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लोकशाहीचेआरोग्य.

(सौजन्य : चिंतन वार्षिकांक २०२४ मधील माझा लोकशाहीवरील प्रकाशित लेख.)

माणसाचा प्रवास अगदी अलीकडील म्हणजे पाच साडेपाच लाख वर्षापूर्वी सुरु होऊन त्यामध्ये एक रानटी प्राणी ते या ग्रहावरील सर्वात हुशार आणि ग्रहजेता  अशी यशस्वी प्रजाती  म्हणून झालेला आहे. याबाबत सुरवातीपासून आजतागायत एक बाब  महत्त्वाची राहिली आहे ती म्हणजे या प्रवासात मानवसमूहाला एकमेकांच्या सहकार्याने एकत्र राहण्यासाठी आणि जीवन सुसह्य करण्यासाठी ‘समाज व्यवस्थापन’ पद्धतीचा अवलंब करावा लागला. समाजव्यवस्थापन करताना त्यामध्ये ‘नैसर्गिक स्वार्थ’ या वृत्तीचाही अत्यंत प्रभावी उपयोग झाला आणि आताही होत आहे. रानटी टोळ्यांमध्ये समाज व्यवस्थापन करताना, नेतृत्व हे त्यांच्यापैकी सर्वात जास्त शक्तिशाली नराकडे असायचे. हे वाढत जाऊन पुढे शारीरिक शक्ती बरोबरच मानसिक ताकद याचीही जोड मिळाली आणि मग टोळ्यापासून ते आतापर्यंतचे सत्ताधीश नेतृत्व असे त्याचे स्वरूप झाले.

अन्नाच्या शोधात लाखो वर्षे कायमस्वरूपी  भटकंती करीत असलेल्या या प्रजातीने सुमारे बारा ते पंधरा हजार वर्षांपूर्वी हि लाखो वर्षापासून अन्नाच्या शोधात असलेली आपली भटकंती थांबविली. मेडिटेरियन या भौगोलिक प्रदेशात एका महिलेने या भटकंतीचा कंटाळा येऊन एके ठिकाणी राहून शेती करण्याचा प्रयोग सुरू केला आणि त्यातून मग माणूस समूह एकत्र राहून खेडे, शहरे, देश आणि साम्राज्य यामध्ये विकसित झाला. या लोकसमूहांचे व्यवस्थापन करण्यासाठी मग वेगवेगळ्या पद्धतीचा अवलंब करण्यात आला. आधुनिक काळामध्ये यासाठी राजे, महाराजे, सम्राट, हुकुमशहा अशांचे प्राबल्य वंशपरंपरागत पद्धतीने चालू राहण्याच्या  सुरू झाले. यात राजकीय लष्करी, आर्थिक, न्याय या सर्व सत्ता एकहाती एकटवलेले असल्याने हि एक व्यक्ती त्याला वाटेल त्याप्रमाणे तो सत्ता गाजवायचा. माणूस हा निसर्गिकत: स्वतंत्र वृत्तीचा असला आणि इतरांचे प्राबल्य अंतर्गतरित्या त्या सहन होत नसले तरी अनिर्बंधित शारीरिक किंवा मानसिक ताकद असलेल्या व्यक्ती पुढे त्यास नेमावे लागल्याने राजेशाही किंवा राजकीय नेतृत्व अधिकच ताकदवान होत गेले. अर्थातच लोकांच्या मनात ह्यास कायम विरोध असल्याने  एक हाती सत्ता या ऐवजी सर्वांची समानतेवर आधारित शासन व्यवस्था असावी हा विचार वेळोवेळी डोके वर काढीतच राहिला आणि मग त्यामधून लोकशाही संकल्पनेचा उगम झाला. भारतामध्ये वैदिक काळात लोकशाहीची जरी उदाहरणे असले तरी त्याचे लिखित असे पुरावे खास करून  आढळत नाहीत. परंतु ग्रीस देशातील अथेन्स शहरांमध्ये क्लिस्थेनीस या उच्चभ्रू व्यक्तीने इ. सन ५०७ मध्ये म्हणजेच सुमारे २५३१ वर्षांपूर्वी लोकशाहीचा पाय घातला हा लिखित इतिहास उपलब्ध आहे. या लोकशाही व्यावस्थेनुसार शहराच्या  निर्णयामध्ये प्रत्येक  मतदाराचे मत नोंदवले जायचे. तसेच लोकप्रतिनिधी निवडणुकांद्वारे निवडून त्यांच्यामार्फत शासन व्यवस्था असावी अशीही संकल्पना  होती.   ह्यास लोकशाहीचे उगमस्थान समजले जाते. अर्थात त्यास सॉक्रेटिस, प्लेटो, ऍरिस्टोटल अशा विचारवंतांचा विरोध होता. त्यांची भूमिका अशी होती कि लोकप्रतिनिधी स्वरूपात निवडणुकांद्वारे जर ही समाजव्यवस्था चालवायची असेल तर निवडणुकीद्वारे चांगलेच लोक निवडून येतील आणि त्यांच्याकडे राज्यकारभार चालवण्याचे क्षमता,नेतृत्व अनुभव, वैचारिकता आणि सातत्य असेलच असे नाही. नंतर इंग्लंड मध्ये सन  १२१५ मध्ये मॅग्ना कार्टा या करारान्वये राजाचे काही अधिकार उमरावांना देण्यात आले, जो जगातील आधुनिक लोकशाहीचा तो पाया समजला जातो. त्यानंतर अमेरिकेची राज्यघटना अस्तित्वात येऊन कायदेमंडळ, कार्यपालन व्यवस्था आणि न्यायव्यवस्था यांचे संविधानिक अस्तित्व स्वतंत्र करण्यात आले व यामुळे लोकशाही आणखी भक्कम होण्यास मदत झाली.

लोकशाही काय आहे याबाबत अनेक व्याख्या आहेत. एका सर्वेनुसार आतापर्यंत २२३४ व्याख्या करण्यात आलेल्या असून,  त्यापैकी ऍरिस्टॉटलने केलेली व्याख्या म्हणजे ‘समाजातील जे दुर्बल घटक की जे संख्येने कायमस्वरूपी सर्वात जास्त असतात त्यांचे शासन म्हणजे लोकशाही’. अर्थात आपण शाळेमध्ये अब्राहम लिंकन यांनी केलेली व्याख्या म्हणजे ‘लोकांची’ लोकांकरिता आणि लोकांकडून नियंत्रित होत असलेली शासन व्यवस्था म्हणजे लोकशाही’ असे समजतो.

दुसऱ्या महायुद्धानंतर जगभर लोकशाहीचे  वारे वाहू लागून ती फोफावली असे समजण्यात येते. त्यामुळे जगात सध्या सर्वसामान्य व दुर्बल जनता नियंत्रित करीत असलेली व्यवस्था आणि ती त्यांच्या मतामुळे अस्तित्वात आलेली व्यवस्था आहे असा समज आहे. ती खरोखरच तशी आहे का याबाबत विचार करणे आवश्यक राहील.

आपण जसे शारीरिक स्वास्थ्य समजण्यासाठी रक्तातील हिमोग्लोबिनचे, साखरेचे, कोलेस्ट्रॉलचे प्रमाण, रक्तदाब अशा गोष्टी सुदृढ आणि निरोगी जीवनासाठी योग्य आहे किंवा नाहीत हे तपासतो. तसेच, लोकशाहीच्या बाबतीत देखील जगात काही संस्था आहेत त्या लोकशाहीचे आरोग्य सुदृढ आहे किंवा नाही याची चाचपणी  दरवर्षी करीत असतात. या सर्व संस्थांनि लोकशाहीचे केलेलले आरोग्यनिदान सर्वसाधारणपणे सारखेच असल्याचे दिसून येते.

त्यापैकी द इकॉनॉमिस्ट या अतिशय नावाजलेल्या अर्थशास्त्रावरील पाक्षिकाच्या ‘इकॉनॉमिस्ट इंटेलिजन्स युनिट’ या उपक्रमाद्वारे २००६ पासून ‘लोकशाही निर्देशांक’ दरवर्षी १६७ देशासाठी प्रकाशित केला जातो. तो निर्देशांक तयार करण्यासाठी ६० वेगवेगळ्या बाबींचा सखोल अभ्यास करून तो अंतिम केला जातो. त्यांच्या या अहवालातील निर्देशांकानुसार जगातील शासन व्यवस्थेची चार प्रकारात वर्गवारी केलेली आहे.

१. पूर्ण लोकशाही

२. सदोष लोकशाही  

३.  संकरित शासन व्यवस्था(लोकशाहीआणि हुकूमशाही)

४. हुकूमशाही.

वास्तविकत: सर्वसाधारण आकलनानुसार जगात सुदृढ लोकशाही व्यवस्था असावी  असा समज आहे. पण त्या समजास तडा जाणारे निष्कर्ष गेले १७ वर्षे निघत आहे. अलीकडील २०२३ च्या निर्देशांकानुसार जगातील फक्त २४ म्हणजेच १४.४ % देश हे पूर्ण लोकशाहीमध्ये असून त्यामध्ये फक्त आठ टक्के जगाची लोकसंख्या सामावलेली आहे. सदोष लोकशाही व्यवस्थेमध्ये ४८ म्हणजेच देश २८.७ % देश आहेत आणि त्यात जगाची ३७.३ % लोकसंख्या चा सामावलेली आहे. तर संकरित शासन व्यवस्था आणि हुकूमशाही व्यवस्थेमध्ये अनुक्रमे १७.९% आणि ३६.९ % लोकसंख्या अद्यापही राहते. यावरून जागतिक लोकशाहीचे आरोग्य हे अद्यापही तितकेसे सुदृढ नाही हा निष्कर्ष निर्विवादपणे निघू शकतो. जगातील सर्वात शक्तिशाली आणि सर्वात मोठी अशा दोन शासन व्यवस्था अनुक्रमे अमेरिका आणि भारत हे देश ‘सदोष लोकशाही’मध्ये मोडतात ही काही या ग्रहासाठी स्पृहणीय गोष्ट नाही.

भारताच्या लोकशाही बाबत विचार करावयाचा झाल्यास सर्वात महत्त्वाची गोष्ट म्हणजे या लोकशाही शासन व्यवस्थेने हा खंडप्राय देश गेली  ७५ वर्षे एकसंध आणि  प्रगतीपथावर मार्गक्रमित ठेवला आहे.

भारताचा लोकशाही सुदृढतेतील क्रमवारीतील क्रमांक ४६ वा असून तो प्रामुख्याने सर्वसामान्यांचा राजकीय प्रक्रियेत सहभाग, लोकशाहीतील रस घेण्याची मानसिकता, राजकीय संस्कृती आणि  नागरी स्वातंत्र्य इ  मधील दोषांमुळे तो जागतिक क्रमवारीत इतक्या खाली राहिलेला  आहे.  

शासन व्यवस्थेतील आणि विशेषत: लोकशाही शासन व्यवस्थेतील शासनावर काही जनतेप्रती जबाबदाऱ्या असतात व त्या जबाबदाऱ्या संविधानामध्ये काही वेळेस ठळकपणे नमूद केल्या जातात. भारताचा विचार करावयाचा झाल्यास वर्ण आणि जाती व्यवस्थेमध्ये  हजारो वर्ष विखुरलेला समाज एकसंध करणे, आर्थिक विषमता कमी, दारिद्र्य निर्मूलन करणे, उद्योग विकास करून नोकऱ्या वाढविणे आणि शेतीवरचे अवलंबित्व कमी करून ते पाश्चिमात्य देशासारखे कारखानदारी किंवा सेवा क्षेत्राकडे वळविणे या महत्त्वाच्या जबाबदाऱ्या होत्या. आजची परिस्थिती विचारात घेतली तर प्रचंड मोठी लोकसंख्या अद्यापहि दारिद्र रेषेखाली असून आर्थिक विषमता आणि सामाजिक तेढ या गोष्टी  कमी झालेल्या नाहीत. त्याचबरोबर शेतीवर अवलंबून असलेली ५० ते ६० टक्के लोकसंख्या आणि कृषी क्षेत्रातून मिळणारे फक्त  १८-१९ % सकल उत्पन्न ही मोठी सेक्टोरल असमानतेची गंभीर समस्या आहे. या सर्वांवर उपाय करण्यासाठी संविधानाचे भाग चार मध्ये मार्गदर्शक तत्त्वानुसार शासनाने त्याकडे लक्ष देणे अभिप्रेत धरलेले आहे. तथापि, तसे झालेले नाही. त्यामुळे लोकप्रतिनिधी द्वारे आलेली शासन व्यवस्था त्या बाबतीत तरी गेल्या ७५ वर्षांमध्ये ज्या पद्धतीने यशस्वी होणे आवश्यक होते तितकी यशस्वी झालेली नाही.

देशातील लोकशाही सुदृढ ठेवायची असेल तर, लोकशाहीचे जे तीन प्रमुख आधारस्तंभ आहेत ते भरभक्कम ठेवणे किंवा त्यांच्या भरभक्कमते मध्ये वाढ करणे हे होय. लोकशाहीचा चौथा स्तंभ देखील कोणत्याही वर्चस्वाखाली कार्यरत असणार नाही हे सुद्धा लोकशाहीच्या सुदृढतेसाठी महत्त्वाचा घटक आहे.

लोकशाही व्यवस्थेतील पहिल्या तीन स्तंभापैकी कायदेमंडळाने गेल्या ७५ वर्षात कालपरत्वे आवश्यक असलेले समयसापेक्ष कायदे तयार करून किंवा अस्तित्वात असलेल्या कायद्यामध्ये सुयोग्य  बदल करून, तसेच देश व्यापक धोरणे आखून त्यांची जबाबदारी बऱ्यापैकी  पार पाडलेली दिसते. तथापि, त्यांनी जे कायदे केले किंवा धोरणे आखली त्याची पुरेपूर अंमलबजावणी होऊन त्याचा लाभ जनतेला मिळाला किंवा नाही आणि तो लाभ कार्यपालन व्यवस्था देण्यास कुठे कमी पडत असेल तर त्यावर नियंत्रण ठेवले किंवा नाही हा सुद्धा एक महत्त्वाचा मुद्दा आहे. दुर्दैवाने असे दिसून येते की कायदेमंडळाने कार्यपालन व्यवस्थेवर योग्य ते नियंत्रण न ठेवल्याने कायदे आणि धोरणे प्रभावी असली तरी त्यांची अपेक्षेइतपत अंमलबजावणी न झाल्याने त्याचे दुष्परिणाम देशात दिसून येतात. या दुष्परिणामाचे उदाहरणच द्यावयाचे झाले तर एक दिसून येईल की देशात आज चार ते पाच कोटी दावे खालच्या कोर्टापासून सर्वोच्च न्यायालयापर्यंत प्रलंबित आहेत. याचाच अर्थ कायद्यांची अंमलबजावणी आणि कायदा राबविण्याच्या प्रक्रियेमध्ये ज्या त्रुटी होत्या त्या त्रुटीमुळे कदाचित असे दावे निर्माण झाले आहेत किंवा कसे आणि ते दावे कमी करण्यासाठीची उपयोजना करण्यामध्ये कायदेमंडळाने पुरेसे लक्ष दिले नसावे हे विदारक सत्य दिसून येते.

लोकशाहीचा दुसरा स्तंभ म्हणजे कार्यपालन व्यवस्था हा होय. केंद्र, राज्य आणि स्थानिक स्वराज्य संस्थांतील शासन यांचे कामकाज कशा पद्धतीने चालते हे नागरिकांसाठी लोकशाहीमधील महत्त्वाचा गाभा असतो. देशापुढे सध्याचे जे प्रश्न आहेत किंवा भविष्यामध्ये जे प्रश्न उद्भवू शकतात त्यासाठीची कारणमीमांसा करून त्यावर सुयोग्य उपाययोजना करण्याचे काम आणि नंतर त्यासाठीची अंमलबजावणीची जबाबदारी ही कार्यपालन म्हणजेच शासन या स्तंभावर येते. खरे म्हणजे आज देशातील सर्वात महत्त्वाचे जे प्रश्न आहेत की आर्थिक विषमता, सध्याची आणि भविष्यात चौथ्या औद्योगिक क्रांतीमुळे निर्माण होऊ घातलेली प्रचंड मोठी बेरोजगारी, हवामान बदल, शेतकऱ्यांचे प्रश्न, पाण्याचे दुर्भिक्ष, विद्रुप पद्धतीने चालू असलेले नागरिकरण अशा अनेक समस्या बाबत ज्या पद्धतीने कार्यपालन स्तंभाने काम करणे गरजेचे होते तसे होत असल्याचे दिसून येत नाही. त्यामुळे हा लोकशाही वरील एक आघात आहे. आता तर या कार्यपालन स्तंभापैकी तिसरा भाग म्हणजे स्थानिक स्वराज्य संस्था यांच्या निवडणुका गेल्या तीन वर्षे होत नसल्याने पर्यायाने तेथील लोकशाही व्यवस्था संस्थगित झाल्याचे चित्र दिसून येते. स्थानिक स्वराज्य संस्थांमध्ये निवडणुका न झाल्याने तेथे  प्रशासक राज सुरू झाले तरी आणि ते प्रशासकराज हे लोकशाही मारक आहे हे माहिती असून देखील जनतेने त्याकडे पूर्णपणे दुर्लक्ष केलेले आहे. ही बाब लोकशाहीच्या सुदृढतेच्या दृष्टीने अत्यंत गंभीर असून हे असेच चालू राहिले तर काळ सोकावून हे लोकशाही संस्थगित होण्याचे प्रकार विधानसभा आणि लोकसभेपर्यंत पोहोचू शकतात.

लोकशाहीचा जो तिसरा स्तंभ आहे तो म्हणजे न्यायपालिका आणि कधी नव्हे ते न्यायपालिकेबाबत देशात संभ्रमाचे वातावरण तयार होत आहे. ते सुद्धा लोकशाहीच्या दृष्टीने योग्य नाही. न्यायपालिकेने असे प्रदूषित वातावरण देशात कोणी तयार करत असतील तर त्याकडे लक्ष देणे गरजेचे आहे.

लोकशाही पुढे अनेक वेळा नवनवीन आव्हाने उभे राहतात. त्याचबरोबर संविधानातील काही तरतुदींचा गैरवापर होत असेल तर त्याकडेही लक्ष देणे गरजेचे असते. ही प्रक्रिया निरंतर चालते. लोकशाही सुदृढ करायची असेल तर समयसापेक्ष अशा संविधानात्मक तरतुदी वेळोवेळी करणे गरजेचे आहे. उदाहरणार्थ, देशात राजकीय पक्ष फुटणे आणि  पक्ष फुटीमुळे लोकशाही प्रक्रियेला बाधा निर्माण होत असेल तर त्यावर उपाय शोधणे देखील अगत्याचे ठरते. असे प्रकार टाळण्यासाठी संविधानात १९८५ मध्ये परिशिष्ट १० अंतर्भूत करून आयाराम-गयाराम या राजकीय संस्कृतीवर नियंत्रण आणण्यासाठी तरतुदी करण्यात आल्या होत्या. पण गेल्या ३४ वर्षांमध्ये या तरतुदी तोकड्या पडत असल्याच्या घटना घडलेल्या आहेत. त्यावर तोडगा म्हणून या परिशिष्टात सुयोग्य बदल करणे देखील लोकशाहीच्या सुदृढते करिता अत्यावश्यक झाले आहे. त्याकरिता उपाय म्हणून आयाराम-गयाराम या संस्कृतीला कायमस्वरूपी तिलांजली देण्यासाठी ची तरतूद करणे गरजेचे आहे. एखाद्या पंजीकृत राजकीय पक्षाने अधिकृतरित्या निवडणुकीमध्ये उमेदवारी दिलेला लोकप्रतिनिधी पुढे जाऊन कोणत्याही परिस्थितीत पक्ष सोडवू शकणार नाही अशी तरतूद गरजेची आहे. जर त्यास पक्ष सोडावयाचा असेल तर त्याची ती कृती लोकप्रतिनिधित्वाचा राजीनामा समजली जावी ही संविधानात्मक तरतूद आता जरुरीची झाली आहे. एखाद्या लोकप्रतिनिधीची वर्तणूक पक्ष विरोधी आहे असे वाटल्यास पक्षप्रमुखांनी संबंधित सभागृहाच्या पीठासीन अधिकाऱ्यास पत्राने कळविल्यास त्या पत्राची पोचपावती हेच संबंधित लोकप्रतिनिधीचे लोकप्रतिनिधित्व  संपुष्टात आले असे समजण्यात अशी तरतूद झाली तर सर्व अनिश्चितता आणि प्रदीर्घ न्यायालयीन प्रक्रिया टाळली

जाऊन लोकशाहीत सुस्पष्टता वाढीस लागेल.

दुसरे की देशामध्ये खरोखरच लोकशाही आहे कि राजकीय पक्ष हुकूमशाही आहे यामध्ये गल्लत करण्यात आली आहे. एकदा शासन स्थापन केल्यानंतर सत्तेतील पक्ष जी विधेयके किंवा ज्या बाबी निर्णयार्थ विधानमंडळात किंवा संसदेमध्ये आणतात त्यावर लोकप्रतिनिधींना स्वतंत्र मत असावे हा लोकशाहीचा गाभा आहे. पण प्रत्यक्षात थ्री लाईन व्हीप या पद्धतीमुळे लोकप्रतिनिधींना त्यावर स्वतःचे वैयक्तिक मत न  राहता, पक्षाने जो आदेश दिला त्याबाजूने मत द्यावे लागते. हे तत्व लोकशाही विरोधात असून ते हुकूमशाहीचे प्रतीक आहे. त्यावर तोडगा म्हणजे केवळ  शासनावरील अविश्वासाचा ठराव वगळता इतर बाबतीत थ्री लाईन व्हीप हि   लोकशाही विरोधी तरतूद रद्द करणे गरजेचे आहे.

तिसरी गोष्ट म्हणजे ग्रामपंचायत सदस्यापासून ते राष्ट्रपतीपर्यंत, प्रत्यक्ष किंवा अप्रत्यक्ष निवडणुकांद्वारे  लोकशाही व्यवस्था बनलेली असते. पण त्यामध्ये एक अपवाद आहे . राज्यांचे प्रमुख म्हणून संविधानात राज्यपाल यांना जबाबदारी दिलेली आहे, पण ते पद अशा प्रत्यक्ष किंवा अप्रत्यक्ष निवडणुका द्वारे भरले जात नाही. ही संविधानातील प्रचंड मोठी त्रुटी असून ती सुद्धा लोकशाही तत्वप्रणालीत बसत नाही. ती त्रुटी तातडीने दूर  गरजेचे आहे अन्यथा अलीकडेच काही राज्यात जे गंभीर प्रसन्न घडले ते भविष्यात टाळता येऊ शकून लोकशाहीची  सुदृढतेकडे वाटचाल सुरू राहील. सर्वात महत्त्वाचे म्हणजे लोकशाही ही व्याख्या आणि संकल्पनेप्रमाणे समाजातील बहुसंख्य अशा आर्थिक आणि सामाजिक दुर्बल  लोकांचे शासन असावे असे आहे. पण अलीकडे लोकशाहीवरती भांडवलशाहीचा कब्जा आल्याने आता धन-संस्कृती हीच लोकशाहीची संस्कृती झाल्याचे सत्य चित्र उभे राहिले आहे आणि ते नाकारून चालणार नाही. जर धन-संस्कृतीचे लोकशाहीवरील वर्चस्व कमी करून पुन्हा निकोप लोकशाही प्रस्थापित करावयाची असेल तर निवडणुकांमध्ये अधिकृत किंवा अनधिकृतपणे कोणताही खर्च करण्यास मनाई करणे गरजेचे राहील, दुसरा पर्याय नाही!

 लोकशाहीसाठी भविष्यात आणखी अनेक मोठमोठी  आव्हाने उभे राहणार असून त्याची सुरवात झाली आहे.  कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता, समाज माध्यमे , इत्यादीमुळे निर्माण झालेली इकोसिस्टिम हि लोकशाहीचे रूप भिबत्स करीत आहे. लोकशाही टिकवायची असेल तर हे भविष्यातील धोके लक्षात घेऊन त्याप्रमाणे त्यावर उपाययोजना आजच केली नाही तर लोकशाही असेल पण लोकशाहीचा उपयोग नसेल अशी अवस्था शासन व्यवस्थेमध्ये निर्माण होण्यास वेळ लागणार नाही आणि त्याचे प्रक्रिया सुरू झालेली आहे.

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The Essence of Electoral Responsibility: A Call to Enlightened Voting

In the heart of the world’s largest democracy, India, lies the pulsating rhythm of electoral fervor. With each stride towards the ballot box, millions of citizens embark on a journey that shapes the destiny of a nation. Yet, amidst the cacophony of political rallies and promises, there exists a fundamental truth often obscured by the dazzle of democratic spectacle: the essence of electoral responsibility transcends the mere act of casting a vote—it is a solemn duty to discern, to evaluate, and to choose wisely for the collective welfare of the nation.

As India gears up for yet another general election to elect its representatives to the esteemed Lok Sabha, it is imperative for the 97 crore eligible voters to grasp a pivotal reality: our Constitutional Representative Democracy is inherently intertwined with the dynamics of Party Democracy. In essence, while we exercise our democratic right to elect individuals to represent us in the hallowed halls of governance, we are, in effect, entrusting the reins of power to the political party or its paramount leader.

In a nation as diverse and dynamic as India, the stakes of electoral decision-making are monumental. Each vote cast reverberates through the corridors of power, shaping policies, charting courses, and influencing the very fabric of society. Hence, the imperative lies not merely in selecting a representative but in discerning the ethos and ideology that underpin the political party or its supreme leader vying for ascendancy.

The hallmark of responsible voting lies in the sagacious evaluation of the suitability or unsuitability of a political party or its leader for the nation’s overarching interests. This entails a holistic assessment of their vision, integrity, track record, and commitment to the cherished ideals enshrined in the Constitution. For the destiny of a nation is not shaped by whimsical choices but by the collective wisdom and foresight of its electorate.

To embark on this discerning journey, it is incumbent upon every citizen to engage in informed discourse, to delve beyond the veneer of populist rhetoric, and to seek enlightenment amidst the cacophony of political discourse. It is not merely a duty confined to the solitary confines of the polling booth but a collective endeavor that necessitates dialogue, debate, and deliberation within the familial, social, and communal spheres.

As custodians of democracy, it is incumbent upon each one of us to internalize the profound impact of our electoral choices. For the trajectory of a nation’s progress hinges upon the collective conscience of its citizens, upon their unwavering commitment to uphold the principles of justice, liberty, equality, and fraternity.

To this end, the onus rests upon every citizen to meticulously elucidate the essence of electoral responsibility to their family, relatives, and acquaintances. It is not merely a call to action but a clarion call to awaken the dormant spirit of civic duty, to ignite the flame of conscientious citizenship, and to forge a collective resolve to steer the ship of the state towards the shores of prosperity and progress.

The ramifications of improper voting reverberate far beyond the confines of the electoral cycle. It engenders a perilous descent into the abyss of mediocrity, inefficacy, and stagnation. It dilutes the sanctity of democratic principles, undermines the edifice of governance, and erodes the very foundations of the nation’s integrity.

Conversely, right voting constitutes the cornerstone of a vibrant, resilient, and progressive democracy. It breathes life into the veins of governance, infuses vigor into the corridors of power, and fosters an environment conducive to the realization of the nation’s highest aspirations.

In conclusion, as India braces itself for the impending electoral exercise, let us heed the clarion call of electoral responsibility. Let us transcend the confines of partisan allegiance and embrace the mantle of conscientious citizenship. For in the crucible of democracy, every ballot cast is not merely an act of pressing a button on EVM but a beacon of hope, a testament to the indomitable spirit of a nation marching towards a brighter tomorrow.

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The King Voter:

Empowering Democracy through Constitutional Accountability

In the grand tapestry of democracy, the voter holds a position of paramount importance. Often overlooked amidst the political theatrics and maneuverings of leaders, the voter stands as the linchpin upon which the entire democratic edifice rests. In the Indian context, where democracy thrives amidst a diverse populace, the role of the voter is not merely that of a passive observer but akin to that of a sovereign. With the power to shape the destiny of the nation through the ballot box, the voter possesses a latent authority that can redefine the contours of governance. However, this authority often remains untapped, overshadowed by the dominance of political elites. It is within this realm that the concept of the “King Voter” emerges—a figure empowered to demand accountability and transparency from those in positions of power.

At the heart of India’s democratic framework lies the Constitution, a venerable document that delineates the rights and responsibilities of citizens and leaders alike. Within its hallowed pages, Articles 78 and 167 outline the duties of the Prime Minister and Chief Ministers respectively, concerning the communication of decisions and proposals to the President and Governors. These provisions, while essential for the smooth functioning of the government machinery, exhibit a notable omission—the absence of explicit mention of the electorate, the very bedrock upon which democratic legitimacy rests.

It is here that the concept of the “King Voter” finds resonance. Just as a monarch holds sway over the affairs of the realm, so too does the voter wield immense influence over the course of governance. Yet, unlike a monarch, the power of the voter is not absolute but derived from the collective will of the people. In a true democracy, the elected representatives are not rulers but custodians entrusted with the task of serving the interests of their constituents. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the voter to assert their authority and demand accountability from those who hold the reins of power.

The proposed amendment to Articles 78 and 167, advocating for the inclusion of the words “and voters” after the words “President” and “Governor,” represents a seminal step towards realizing the principles of participatory democracy. By enshrining the role of the voter within the constitutional framework, this amendment seeks to bridge the gap between the governed and the governing. It is a clarion call for transparency, accountability, and inclusivity in the corridors of power.

At its core, democracy is not merely about periodic elections but about the ongoing engagement between citizens and their elected representatives. The inclusion of voters in Articles 78 and 167 serves as a reminder of this fundamental principle. It reinforces the idea that elected leaders are beholden to the electorate and must act in their best interests. No longer can decisions be made in isolation, shielded from public scrutiny. Instead, every action of the government must be subject to the vigilant gaze of an empowered citizenry.

However, the realization of the “King Voter” paradigm requires more than just a constitutional amendment; it necessitates a cultural shift in the way democracy is perceived and practiced. Voters must transcend the role of passive spectators and embrace their role as active participants in the democratic process. This entails not only casting ballots during elections but also holding elected officials accountable for their actions and decisions.

Furthermore, political parties bear a significant responsibility in this regard. They must recognize the legitimate aspirations of the electorate and incorporate them into their policy platforms. The inclusion of the proposed amendment in party manifestos for the Lok Sabha elections signifies a commitment to democratic principles and a willingness to empower voters. It sends a clear message that political legitimacy is contingent upon responsiveness to the needs and concerns of the people.

In the annals of history, the “King Voter” emerges as a potent symbol of democratic empowerment—a figure imbued with the authority to shape the course of nations. Through their collective actions and voices, voters have the power to hold governments to account, to demand transparency and accountability, and to ensure that democracy remains vibrant and resilient. In the words of Abraham Lincoln, democracy is “government of the people, by the people, for the people.” It is incumbent upon each citizen to embrace their role as sovereigns of the ballot box and uphold the noble ideals of democracy for generations to come.

In conclusion, the concept of the “King Voter” represents a paradigm shift in the dynamics of democracy—a reassertion of the sovereignty of the people in the face of entrenched power structures. By advocating for the inclusion of voters in Articles 78 and 167 of the Constitution, citizens assert their rightful place as the ultimate arbiters of governance. In doing so, they reaffirm the timeless principles of democracy: that power emanates from the people and that governments exist to serve the interests of the governed. The “King Voter” stands not as a passive player but as a steward of democracy, wielding authority with wisdom, integrity, and a steadfast commitment to the common good.

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Preserving Impartiality in Governance: Rethinking Post-Retirement Appointments

In the intricate tapestry of governance, the threads of bureaucracy and judiciary are woven together to form the fabric of democracy. The appointment of All India Service officers, senior state service officials, and judges to various tribunals, statutory commissions/boards, or other entities after retirement has been a long-standing tradition. It is perceived as a means to harness their vast knowledge, seasoned experience, and visionary insights for the greater good of the public. However, amidst the noble intentions lie lurking shadows of political influence and compromised impartiality.

The sanctity of bureaucratic and judicial systems is paramount for the sustenance of democracy. They serve as the custodians of justice, ensuring the rule of law prevails, and rights of citizens are protected. Yet, in a landscape where political parties vie for supremacy, the risk of undue influence looms large. Post-retirement appointments, intended to leverage expertise, often morph into avenues for political manipulation, eroding the very foundation of impartiality.

It is a disconcerting reality that officials appointed to such positions may succumb to pressures of political allegiance, forsaking their neutrality in decision-making. The allure of proximity to power can lead them astray, blurring the lines between duty and partisanship. Regrettably, meritocracy often takes a backseat to cronyism, as those aligned with the ruling dispensation are favored over deserving candidates, irrespective of competency.

In light of these challenges, a paradigm shift in the appointment process is imperative to safeguard the integrity of democratic institutions. The proposal to discontinue post-retirement appointments and instead introduce a system wherein officials are appointed during their final five years of service merits serious consideration. This would not only mitigate the risk of political interference but also ensure a seamless transition of experienced personnel into critical roles.

Under this proposed framework, officials would have the option to opt for post-retirement assignments at the age of 55, with the condition that they must relinquish their regular service upon assuming the new role. By introducing such a provision, the government can uphold the principle of impartiality while still benefiting from the wealth of knowledge and experience possessed by these individuals.

To facilitate this transition, the government may explore the possibility of increasing cadre strength to accommodate a small percentage of posts dedicated to such appointments, akin to the Central Deputation reserves. This would alleviate concerns regarding workforce shortage while affording deserving officials an opportunity to contribute to public service beyond their tenure.

Embracing this reformed approach holds the promise of rejuvenating the ethos of public service, anchored in professionalism and integrity. It underscores the commitment to meritocracy, wherein appointments are based on competence rather than proximity to power. Moreover, it reinforces the principle that public office is a privilege bestowed upon individuals entrusted with the solemn duty of upholding the public good.

Critics may argue that such a transition could lead to a dearth of experienced personnel in critical positions. However, this concern can be assuaged by instituting measures for succession planning and talent development within the bureaucracy and judiciary. By nurturing a pipeline of competent professionals, the government can ensure continuity and efficacy in governance, while simultaneously fostering a culture of excellence.

In conclusion, the practice of appointing officials to key positions after retirement, though well-intentioned, has inadvertently become a breeding ground for political interference and compromised impartiality. It is incumbent upon us to recalibrate our approach, prioritizing the preservation of democratic values and institutional integrity. The proposal to transition towards pre-retirement appointments offers a viable solution, striking a delicate balance between leveraging expertise and upholding impartiality. As custodians of democracy, it is our collective responsibility to embrace reforms that strengthen the fabric of governance and safeguard the principles enshrined in our Constitution. Let us tread this path with resolve, guided by the unwavering commitment to a fair and just society.

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The Evolutionary Legacy and Modern Perils: The Onslaught of Sugar upon Human Health

Introduction:

The annals of human existence stretch back approximately 25 lakh years, a temporal odyssey wherein our kind navigated the currents of time, evolving in tandem with the natural milieu, adept at overcoming the challenges posed by the untamed wilderness. Central to this adaptive journey was the practice of consuming unprocessed sustenance, a behavior etched into our biological fabric through the intricate process of evolution. However, a seismic transformation unfurled over the past four millennia, as humanity shifted from a regimen of raw nourishment to an indulgence in refined victuals, notably sugar. This metamorphosis has birthed a health conundrum, with sugar emerging as a formidable adversary to human well-being. The origins of this quandary extend beyond individual choices to the very heart of our economic edifice, where an insatiable thirst for profit propels the dissemination of health hazards induced by sugar. Governments and medical practitioners, erstwhile guardians of public health, now find themselves relegated to mere spectators. Let us delve into the evolutionary trajectory of human nutrition, the repercussions of the sugar onslaught on health, and the socio-economic factors that sustain this crisis. It underscores the pressing need for corrective measures by food regulators, medical professionals, and influencers to forestall an irreversible course.

1. The Odyssey

The evolutionary chronicle of humankind spans millions of years, a saga marked by adaptation and tenacity in the face of environmental exigencies. At the heart of this adaptation lies the human diet, initially dominated by the consumption of uncooked sustenance. Nevertheless, the last approximately 4000 years have witnessed a departure from this evolutionary norm, with the advent of refined victuals, especially sugar, ushering in an epoch fraught with health risks. Let us scrutinize the evolutionary progression of human nutrition, the injurious effects of sugar consumption, and the complicity of market forces in perpetuating this crisis.

2. Evolutionary Foundations: Consumption of Raw Fare

The journey of human evolution is intricately interwoven with dietary adjustments. For around 25 lakh years, our forebears flourished in the wilderness, subsisting on unprocessed food sources. This prolonged era of consuming raw victuals played a pivotal role in shaping the human digestive system and metabolic processes. The abundance of fiber, essential nutrients, and enzymes in raw foods were crucial for the optimal functioning of the human body.

2.1. Biological Accommodations to Raw Nourishment

Evolutionary biology posits that the human digestive system adapted to the consumption of raw, fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and lean meats. Natural selection favored individuals endowed with digestive enzymes proficient in breaking down raw foods, ensuring the absorption of vital nutrients and contributing to the robust health of our ancestors.

2.2. Nutritional Merits of Raw Food

Raw foods inherently abound in vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals, fostering overall well-being and bolstering resistance to diseases. The absence of processing and cooking preserves the nutritional integrity of these foods, facilitating the absorption of essential nutrients by the human body. The proclivity for consuming raw food aligns with the nutritional requisites of our species, as evidenced by the robust health of hunter-gatherer societies.

3. The Sugar Revolution: A Modern Onslaught on Health

The advent of agriculture some 10,000 to 12,000 years ago marked a pivotal shift in human dietary practices. While the cultivation of grains and domestication of animals broadened the array of food options, it was the last 2500 years that witnessed the introduction of refined sugars, heralding a revolution in human nutrition. The first chemically refined sugar made its debut in India approximately 2,500 years ago. Subsequently, the technique traversed eastward towards China and westward towards Persia and the early Islamic worlds, ultimately reaching the Mediterranean in the 13th century. Cyprus and Sicily emerged as pivotal centers for sugar production. In the Middle Ages, sugar was deemed a rare and opulent spice, rather than an everyday condiment. Sugar, once a luxury reserved for the elite, has metamorphosed into a ubiquitous element in the modern diet, ushering in a cascade of health predicaments.

3.1. The Ascendance of Sugar Consumption

Historically, sugar was a scarce commodity, derived from sources like sugarcane and honey. Nonetheless, advancements in agriculture and trade democratized access to sugar, integrating it as a integral component of the average diet. The Industrial Revolution further expedited sugar production, resulting in its widespread availability and affordability.

3.2. Health Ramifications of Sugar Consumption

The shift from unprocessed to refined foods, particularly the surge in sugar consumption, has been linked to a myriad of health issues.

Sugar is often perceived as an innocuous indulgence, but recent research suggests its potential lethality surpassing that of a bullet. According to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, excessive sugar intake escalates the risk of heart disease, stroke, and various other health maladies, positioning it as a leading cause of global mortality. The researchers posit that surpassing 25 grams of added sugar per day, roughly 6 teaspoons, significantly elevates the risk of health complications. This is a relatively modest amount, given that a solitary can of soda contains approximately 40 grams of sugar.

Excessive sugar intake is correlated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular ailments, and dental issues. The elevated fructose content in sugar contributes to metabolic dysfunction, detrimentally impacting liver health. Moreover, sugar consumption is implicated in the burgeoning prevalence of non-communicable diseases, presenting a substantial public health challenge. In 2019, diabetes directly caused 1.5 million deaths, with 48% occurring before the age of 70. An additional 460,000 kidney disease deaths were attributable to diabetes, and elevated blood glucose contributed to roughly 20% of cardiovascular deaths.

As per the WHO fact sheet, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) stand as the primary cause of global mortality, accounting for 71% of all deaths. Within the WHO European Region, almost 90% of all deaths are attributed to NCD-related morbidity and mortality. An unhealthy diet ranks among the four principal behavioral risk factors for NCDs. Obesity, a malady in its own right, concurrently serves as a major risk factor for several NCDs, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. Over 59% of adults and an escalating proportion of children in the Region grapple with overweight and obesity. The excessive intake of free sugars jeopardizes the nutritional quality of the diet, imparting substantial energy devoid of commensurate nutritional benefits, thereby fostering unhealthy weight gain and heightening the risk of overweight, obesity, and other NCDs. Moreover, excessive sugar intake precipitates dental caries and its attendant health ramifications.

Approximately 184,000 deaths annually can be attributed to the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) globally. Epidemiological and decision models serve as indispensable tools for estimating the disease burden.

4. The Role of the Market Economy: Prioritizing Profits over Health

The exponential surge in sugar consumption is not a mere consequence of individual choices but is deeply entrenched in the fabric of our market economy. The food industry, propelled by an unquenchable thirst for profit, assumes a pivotal role in endorsing and perpetuating the sugar-laden diet. The market’s fixation on inexpensive, processed foods

laden with sugars and additives reflects a disregard for public health in the relentless pursuit of financial gain.

4.1. Profit-Centric Practices of the Food Industry

The food industry strategically employs marketing, product innovation, and flavor manipulation to craft addictive and palatable products. Highly processed foods, replete with sugars and synthetic additives, inundate the market, captivating consumers and contributing to the global health crisis. The profit-centric model prioritizes shelf stability, taste, and convenience over nutritional value, exacerbating the prevalence of health hazards induced by sugar.

4.2. Government and Medical Inertia

Governments and medical professionals, entrusted with the guardianship of public health, have largely assumed a passive stance in the face of the sugar epidemic. Regulatory frameworks frequently lag behind the swift evolution of the food industry, permitting the unhindered proliferation of sugary products. The medical community, while cognizant of the health risks associated with sugar, is often constricted by systemic factors that curtail their capacity to effect meaningful change.

5. The Sugar Menace: Surpassing Tobacco

The gravity of the sugar-induced health crisis is exemplified by its outstripping of tobacco as a primary cause of preventable diseases and fatalities. While the detrimental effects of tobacco have undergone extensive scrutiny and ameliorative efforts, the sugar epidemic continues to escalate, exacting a toll greater than any other dietary malefactor. The addictive allure of sugar, coupled with its omnipresence in processed foods, amplifies the severity of the crisis.

5.1. Comparative Examination: Sugar vs. Tobacco

Studies posit that excessive sugar consumption is a significant contributor to obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, collectively surpassing the health burden imposed by tobacco use. The accessibility and societal acceptance of sugary products further contribute to the pervasive nature of this health crisis. Despite mounting evidence linking sugar to chronic diseases, public awareness remains inadequate, exacerbating the challenge.

6. The Nexus of Sugar, Pharmaceuticals, and Healthcare Profits

The sugar epidemic not only bestows lucrative profits upon the food industry but also provides opportunities for the pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors to capitalize on resultant health crises. The surge in chronic diseases linked to sugar consumption fuels the demand for pharmaceutical interventions and medical treatments. This symbiotic relationship between the sugar-laden diet, healthcare costs, and pharmaceutical profits underscores the multifaceted nature of the crisis.

6.1. The Role of the Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry, positioned to address the health consequences of sugar consumption, stands to benefit from the perpetuation of the crisis. Medications designed to manage diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity become indispensable components of treatment plans, contributing to the economic growth of the pharmaceutical sector. This economic interdependence raises ethical questions regarding the motivations behind addressing the root causes of the sugar epidemic.

6.2. Healthcare Profits and Sugar-Related Maladies

As the prevalence of sugar-related diseases escalates, healthcare systems witness a surge in the demand for medical services. Doctors, in turn, experience a rise in patient visits and treatments, translating into financial gains. While healthcare professionals play a pivotal role in managing the health consequences of sugar consumption, the economic incentives associated with treating rather than preventing these conditions raise concerns about the prioritization of profit over public health.

7. The Call for Course Correction: A Collective Responsibility

The escalating sugar-induced health crisis demands a collective and expeditious response from food regulators, medical practitioners, and social influencers. Governments must enact stringent regulations to curb the marketing and production of sugary products, prioritizing public health over corporate interests. Medical professionals should engage in proactive education and advocacy, empowering the public to make informed dietary choices.

7.1. Regulatory Revisions

Regulatory bodies must evolve to keep pace with the dynamic nature of the food industry. Stringent labeling requirements, restrictions on marketing to vulnerable populations, and taxation on sugary products can serve as efficacious measures to curb excessive sugar consumption. Collaborative efforts between governments, health organizations, and the food industry are essential to institute comprehensive regulatory reforms.

7.2. Medical Advocacy and Education

Medical professionals, as trusted repositories of health information, must actively engage in public education regarding the risks of excessive sugar consumption. Integrating nutritional education into medical curricula and incorporating dietary counseling into routine patient care can empower individuals to make healthier choices. Additionally, healthcare providers should advocate for policy changes that prioritize preventive measures over reactive treatments.

7.3. The Role of Social Influencers

In the digital era, social influencers wield considerable sway over public opinions and behaviors. Collaborations between health organizations and influencers can leverage social media platforms to disseminate accurate information about the health consequences of sugar consumption. By fostering a culture of wellness and promoting responsible dietary choices, influencers can contribute to a societal shift away from the current sugar-laden norm.

A Clarion Call for Humanity

The assault of sugar on human health is a multifaceted crisis rooted in the intersection of evolutionary biology, market forces, and societal choices. The deviation from the consumption of raw food to the contemporary sugar-laden diet represents a departure from our evolutionary heritage, with profound implications for public health. Governments, medical professionals, and social influencers must unite in a concerted effort to address the root causes of the sugar epidemic, steering humanity away from the precipice of irreparable damage. The time for action is now, as the consequences of inaction threaten to exacerbate the crisis to a point of no return. The wake-up call for humanity is clear – a collective commitment to prioritizing health over profit is imperative to secure a healthier and sustainable future for generations to come.

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आजचे दै लोकमत: तुम्ही खाता, त्यात काय टाकले आहे माहित आहे का?

( मूळ दि ४/३/२०२४ रोजी लोकमत मध्ये प्रसिद्ध लेख)

अलीकडेच अन्न आणि औषध प्रशासनाने मॅकडोनाल्ड या आंतरराष्ट्रीय ब्रँड असलेल्या कंपनीच्या अहमदनगर येथील आउटलेट मध्ये चीज ऐवजी चीज सदृश्य(ऍनालॉग) पदार्थ वापरून ग्राहकांची फसवणूक केल्याचे कारण दाखवून त्यांच्याविरुद्ध कारवाई केल्याचे वृत्त प्रसिद्ध झाले आहे. या वृत्तामुळे जनसामान्यात अनेक तर्कवितर्क केले जात असून मॅकडोनाल्ड विक्री करीत असलेल्या त्यांच्या बर्गर आणि नगेट मध्ये वापरले जत होत ते चीज सदृश्य(ऍनालॉग) पदार्थ शरीराला अपायकारक आहे की काय येथपासून ते या कारवाईमागे इतर काही काळेबेरे तर नाही ना अशा शंका घेतल्या जात आहेत.

एक महत्त्वाची बाब म्हणजे मॅकडोनाल्ड कंपनी हा जागतिक ब्रँड असल्याने ती कंपनी चुका करणारच नाही हा गैरसमज काढून टाकला पाहिजे, कारण अशा व्यावसायिकांचे मुख्य लक्ष हे नफा कमवण्याकडे असते आणि तसे करताना आरोग्याची काळजी घेतीलच जातच असेल असा विश्वास ठेवणे गैरवाजवी ठरेल. इतर व्यवसायाप्रमाणेच अन्न व्यवसाय देखील एक अर्थार्जनाचे मोठे साधन असून कच्चामाल निर्मिती ते अन्नाचे प्रक्रिया उद्योग, रेडीमेड अन्न, खाद्यगृहे, अन्नाची आयात-निर्यात इत्यादींची वार्षिक उलाढाल ही सुमारे तीन दहा ट्रिलियन डॉलर्स म्हणजेच भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्थेच्या जवळ जवळ तिप्पट इतकी प्रचंड मोठी आहे आणि ती दरवर्षी वाढतच आहे. यामध्ये सर्वात मोठी वाढ ही रेडिमेड अन्न आणि खाद्यगृहे यामध्ये दिसून येते. त्यामुळे या व्यावसायिक अन्नाची गुणवत्ता चांगली असावी व ग्राहकांची फसवणूक होऊ नये म्हणून सर्व देशात कायदे तयार करण्यात आले असून भारतात सुद्धा अन्नसुरक्षा व मानके कायदा, २००६ हा अत्यंत प्रभावी कायदा २०११ पासून लागू करण्यात आलेला आहे. अन्नाची गुणवत्ता राखली जावी व ग्राहकांची फसवणूक होऊ नये म्हणून केंद्र शासनाच्या भारतीय अन्नसुरक्षा व मानक प्राधिकरण आणि प्रत्येक राज्यात अन्नसुरक्षा आयुक्त व त्यांची सर्वदूर पसरलेली यंत्रणा नियुक्त झालेली असते. त्यांचे काम म्हणजे ग्राहकांना गुणवत्तापूर्णक अन्न मिळावे व त्याबाबत जे गैरप्रकार होतात त्यांच्याविरुद्ध प्रखर कारवाई करून अन्नामध्ये कोणतेही चुकीचे प्रकार करण्यास कोणीही धजवणार नाहीत याबाबत काळजी घेणे.

मॅकडोनाल्ड कंपनीविरुद्ध जी कारवाई झाली आहे ती ही कंपनी भेसळयुक्त पदार्थांची विक्री करीत होती म्हणून नव्हे तर ती कंपनी ग्राहकांची दिशाभूल करीत होती म्हणून झालेली आहे. कायद्यात एक तत्त्व दिले आहे की अन्न व्यावसायीकांना कायद्याच्या कक्षेत राहून ते त्यांचे अन्न पदार्थ काय असावेत ते ठरवू शकतात, त्यांचे ब्रँडिंग करू शकतात फक्त ऐट ही आहे की ते जे पदार्थ आहेत त्याची खरीखुरी माहिती त्यांनी ग्राहकांना देणे अनिवार्य आहे. अन्नाची विक्री करतांना वेष्टने, माहिती-पत्रक(मेन्यू), लेबल्स, नावे, जाहिरातीत किंवा अन्य कोणत्याही मार्गाने उपलब्ध केली जाणारी माहिती सत्यच असावी. त्याचबरोबर त्यांची खरी माहिती द्यावीअन्न पदार्थांचे वजन, ते किती कालावधीपर्यंतच सेवनास योग्य, त्यामधून किती कर्ब, प्रथिने, स्निग्न पदार्थ इत्यादी उपलब्ध होतील व किती उष्मांक त्याच्यामध्ये सामावलेले आहेत त्याप्रमाणे बहुतेक अन्नपदार्थांची गुणवत्ता काय असावी हे नियमान्वये ठरवून दिलेले आहे. नियमनाद्वारे बहुतेक अन्न पदार्थांचे मानकेविहित केली असून ते पदार्थ त्याप्रमाणे नसतील तर आस्थापना निलंबित करणे, लायसन्स रद्द करणे, दंड आकारने, कैदेची शिक्षा इ सारख्या कारवाया प्रशासन या आस्थापनाविरुद्ध करू शकतात.

मॅकडोनाल्ड च्या बाबतीत त्यांच्या चीज बर्गर आणि चीज नगेट मध्ये चीज देणे नियमांनुसार बंधनकारक होते कारण पदार्थांच्या नावामध्येच “चीज” नमूद होते. सदर चीज सुद्धा नियमात नमूद केल्याप्रमाणे दूधापासूनच बनविलेले आणि ते देखील ठराविक आर्द्रता व स्निग्धता (सर्वसाधारणपणे अनुक्रमे ३९% आणि ४८%) असणे आवश्यक होते. तथापि ते चीज ऐवजी चीज सदृश्य पदार्थांचा(चीज ऍनालॉग) वापर करीत होते. हे चीज सदृश्यपदार्थ पारंपारिक चीज नसून प्रक्रिया केलेले आणि ते नैसर्गिक दुधाऐवजी वनस्पती तेल, प्रथिने, अन्य पदार्थ इ पासून बनविलेला असा चीज सदृश पदार्थ की ज्याची चव पारंपरिकची चीज सारखी असेल. म्हणजेच या ऍनालॉग चीज ची चव आणि गुणधर्म अशा पद्धतीने तयार केले जातात की ग्राहकांना ते पारंपरिक चीज नाही याची कल्पना सुद्धा येत नाही.

अर्थात हे ऍनालॉग किंवा सदृश्यपदार्थ का वापरले जातात हे समजून घेणे आवश्यक राहिल. एक तर पदार्थांची निर्मिती खर्च कमी करणे किंवा उष्मांक कमी करून तो जास्त आरोग्यवर्धक करणे किंवा ज्यांना प्राण्यापासून निर्मित पदार्थ चालत नाहीत त्यांच्यासाठी वनस्पती पासून पदार्थांचा पर्याय देणे किंवा पारंपारिक पदार्थामुळे एलर्जी होत असेल तर त्यास पर्याय देणे हे होय. असे ऍनालॉग पदार्थ हे जगभर वापरले जातात आणि त्यासाठी कायद्यामध्ये नियम केलेले आहेत आणि तसे नियम भारतात सुद्धा आहेत. म्हणजेच ऍनालॉग अन्नपदार्थ हे त्याज्य नाहीत किंवा अपायकारक नाहीत आणि म्हणून त्यांना परवानगी देण्यात आलेली असते. मॅकडॉनल्डच्या बाबतीत बर्गर किंवा नगेट मध्ये ऍनालॉग पदार्थ आहेत हे नमूद केले नव्हते व ते पदार्थ वनस्पती तेल, प्रथिने वगैरे पासून तयार केलेले होते ही वस्तुस्थिती ग्राहकापासून लपवून ठेवून त्यांची फसवणूक केली होती असे प्रकरण होते.

बाजारात जगभर अशा ऍनालॉग पदार्थांचे अनेक प्रकार प्रचलित असून त्यांची विक्री केली जाते. त्याबाबतची काही उदाहरणादाखल नमूद करण्यासारखे ऍनालॉग म्हणजे साखरे ऐवजी सॅकॅरिन,आस्पर्टेम, स्टीविया; दुग्धजन्य पदार्थांचे वनस्पती तूप, सोयाबीन वगैरे पासून तयार केलेले ऍनालॉग, सोयाबीनपासून तयार केलेले दूध, भुर्जी, खिमा अशा प्रकारचे मांसारासारखे पदार्थ बाजारात उपलब्ध आहेत. हे ऍनालॉग पदार्थ आता सर्रास उपलब्ध असल्याने ते आरोग्यास अपायकारक असू नयेत , शिवाय त्यांचा दर्जा चांगला राहावा म्हणून केंद्र शासनाच्या भारतीय अन्नसुरक्षा व मानक प्राधिकरणाने नियमन केलेले आहेत. प्रश्न फक्त हा राहतो की अन्न आस्थापनांनी त्याबाबत ग्राहकांना वस्तुस्थिती स्पष्ट केली पाहिजे. प्रशासनाची कारवाई स्तुत्य असली तरी ती काही मूलभूत प्रश्न निर्माण करते या प्रशासनाची अन्न व औषध प्रशासनाची वैधानिक जबाबदारी ही जनतेला गुणवत्तापूर्ण आणि कोणतीही फसवणूक न होता अन्न पदार्थ उपलब्ध होतील अशी आहे. विशेषत: हे अन्न पदार्थ ग्राहकांपर्यंत पोहोचण्यापूर्वीच ते कायद्याप्रमाणे तयार झालेले आहेत किंवा नाहीत आणि नसल्यास ते ग्राहकापर्यंत पोहोचून त्यांचे आरोग्य धोक्यात येण्यापूर्वीच प्रशासाने कारवाया केल्या पाहिजेत असा कायदा आहे. मॅकडॉनल्डच्या बाबतीत ही कारवाई म्हणवी वरातीमागून घोडे अशा स्वरूपाची असून अन्न आणि औषध प्रशासन हे त्याबाबतीत अपयशी ठरलेले आहे व त्यास जे अधिकारी जबाबदार आहेत त्यांच्याविरुद्ध कारवाई होत नाहीत तोपर्यंत असे प्रकार राज्यात घडत राहतील. राज्य शासन देखील अन्न आणि औषध प्रशासन हे त्यांचे काम योग्य पार पाडीत आहे किंवा नाही ह्याचा आढावा घेवून वचक ठेवण्यात कमी पडत असेल तर शासन सुद्धा या गैरप्रकारास तितकेच जबाबदार होय.

या कारवाया तोंडदेखल्या अहेत की वैचारिकृत्या केलेल्या आहेत हा आणखी एक गहन विषय. वास्तविकत:, ज्या अन्नपदार्थांचे सर्वात जास्त सेवन केले जाते त्या अन्नपदार्थांची गणवत्तेबाबत राखणे आणि त्यात भेसळी होवू नये म्हणून दक्ष राहणे या बाबील प्राथमिकता प्रशासनाने देणे ही त्यांची आद्य जबाबदारी. त्यातही, आरोग्यास आणि जीवितास घातक पदार्थ अन्नामधून ग्राहकांवर थोपविले जात नाहीत यावर दैनंदिन काळजी घेतली गेली पाहिजे. उदाहरणार्थ , राज्यात ज्या दुधाचे सेवन तान्हया बाळापासून आबालवृद्धांपर्यंत दररोज १४ कोटी जनता करते ते दूध नैसर्गिक असल्याचा आणि ते अपायकारक रसायनापासून तयार करून भयानक व्याधी निर्माण करणारे तर नाही ना यावर किती कारवाया केल्या हे महत्त्वाचे. राज्यामध्ये रासायनिक दूध असते हे ही बाब दुर्लक्षित करून चालणार नाही. अशा दुधामुळे लिव्हर, हृदय, किडनी, मेंदू इ अवयावर भयानक परिणाम होऊ शकतात किंवा कर्करोग सुद्धा होऊ शकतो, त्यामुळे दुग्ध उत्पादक यांच्याकडून किती दूध संकलित केले आणि तितकेच दूध विक्री होते लक्ष ठेवण्यासाठी वर्षातून दोन वेळेस मोठ्या दूध उत्पादकांना विवरणपत्र अन्न व औषध प्रशासनाकडे दाखल करण्याचे नियमाने बंधन केलेले आहे. असे विवरण पत्र दाखल केले जाते किंवा नाही व दाखल केले असल्यास त्यामध्ये काही काळेबेरे दिसून आले किंवा कसे याबाबत अन्न व प्रशासनाकडून काय कारवाई होते हे सर्वसामान्यांना देखील समजणे गरजेचे आहे. अन्यथा यामधून अवैधपणे पैसा मिळवणे ही गुन्हेगारी स्वरूपाची बाब आहेच शिवाय रासायनिक दूध खपवून महाभयानक प्रकार जनतेच्या आरोग्यावर थोपवणे म्हणजे हे दुहेरी गुन्हेगारीचे प्रकार थांबण्यासाठी या प्रशासन काय कारवाई केली हे नागरिकांना माहित होत नाही. त्यामुळे केवळ मॅकडोनाल्ड सारख्या काही मूठभर ग्राहकांच्या संबंधित केलेल्या कारवाईने आपली पाठथोपटून घेण्यासाठी दार्शनिक केलेली कार्यवाही स्तुत्य असली तरी दुधाच्या समस्येवर काय कारवाई केली हे दिसून येत नाही. असेच प्रकार तेलामधील भेसळ, पिठामधील भेसळ या दैनंदिन स्वरूपाच्या अन्नपदार्थातील भेसळीमुळे आरोग्यावर विधातक परिणाम होतात व त्यावर अन्न व औषध प्रशासन काय करते हे याबाबत जनता अनभिज्ञ असते.एक महत्वाची बाब अशी आहे की जसा जसा काळ पुढे जात आहे तसे तसे प्रक्रिया केलेले अन्न वाढीस लागले असून या प्रक्रिया केलेल्या अन्नाचा दुष्परिणाम आरोग्यावर होणार नाही याची काळजी प्रशासनाने घेतली पाहिजे. त्याची सुरुवात अन्नाच्या जाहिराती पासून होते. कायद्यामध्ये अन्नपदार्थांची जाहिरात अशा पद्धतीने करू नये की ज्यामधून त्या अन्नामुळे काय होऊ शकते हे सर्वसामान्यांच्या मनावर चुकीच्या पद्धतीने बिंबवण्यात येऊ नये, तर केवळ जाहिरातीमध्ये हे अन्नपदार्थांमध्ये काय तत्त्व आहेत केवळ तेच देणे मान्यताप्राप्त आहे. अलीकडे अनेक जाहिरातीमध्ये विशेषता तेल, लहान मुलांसाठीची पेये इ स्वरूपाच्या पदार्थांच्या बाबतीत ते पदार्थ किती चांगले परिणाम करतात अशा स्वरूपाच्या जाहिराती मोठ्या प्रमाणात टीव्ही चॅनल आणि वृत्तपत्रांमध्ये असतात. अशा चुकीच्या जाहिराती वर सुद्धा कारवाई अन्न व औषध प्रशासनाने करणे अपेक्षित असते पण तशी कारवाई होताना दिसत नाही. एकंदरीतच मॅकडॉनल्ड वरी झालेली कारवाई स्तुत्य असली तरी राज्यातिल जनतेला निर्भेळ आणि कोणतीही फसवणूक होता अन्नपदार्थ मिळतात किंवा नाही याकडे अन्न व औषध प्रशासनाने लक्ष देणे गरजेचे आहे.

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Echoes of Jim Crow and the Caste Systems in India: Historical Parallels and Social Fragmentation

In the annals of human history, two societal architectures stand out as glaring examples of systematic discrimination and division – the Jim Crow system in the United States and the Varna and Caste system in India. While separated by oceans and epochs, these systems share a disconcerting symmetry in their perpetuation of inequality and social fragmentation. Let’s delve into literary exploration, unraveling the parallels between these historical constructs and delving into the profound societal consequences, particularly in the context of India where the age-old caste system continues to cast a shadow on the fabric of social harmony.

Historical Roots:

The Jim Crow system, a manifestation of institutionalized racial segregation, took root in the southern United States during the latter part of the 19th century. It was a sinister legal framework that relegated African Americans to a position of inferiority, withholding from them the rights and privileges afforded to their white counterparts. Simultaneously, across the vast expanse of the Indian subcontinent, the Varna and Caste system found its origins in ancient Hindu scriptures. This hierarchical stratification of society was based on birth, dictating one’s occupation, social standing, and interactions within the intricate tapestry of Indian civilization.

As we traverse the corridors of history, a common thread unravels before us – the codification of discrimination and the subjugation of specific communities based on perceived notions of superiority and inferiority. The historical roots of both systems run deep, intertwining with the very foundations of the societies they sought to govern.

Social Fragmentation:

The repercussions of the Jim Crow system and the Varna and Caste system resonate in the social fragmentation they have left in their wake. In the United States, the Jim Crow era engendered a societal hierarchy, where privileges were lavished upon those perched atop the racial pyramid, while African Americans found themselves relegated to the margins, denied equal access to education, economic opportunities, and the basic rights inherent to a democratic society.

Similarly, in the Indian context, the Varna and Caste system spawned a rigid hierarchy that determined an individual’s destiny at the moment of birth. This stratification not only dictated one’s profession but permeated every facet of life, from interpersonal relationships to access to resources. The consequence was a fragmented society where certain communities were systematically marginalized, consigned to the peripheries of progress and development.

Deceitful Minorities and the Perpetuation of Discrimination:

The pages of history reveal a recurring theme – the perpetuation of discriminatory systems by a minority wielding disproportionate influence. In the Jim Crow era, a faction of white supremacists maintained a stranglehold on political and social institutions, enacting and enforcing laws that entrenched racial segregation. Similarly, in the vast tapestry of India’s history, a small yet influential cohort has safeguarded the Varna and Caste system, exploiting it as a tool for consolidation of supremacy and privilege.

This deceitful minority, whether in the United States or India, has cunningly manipulated the narratives of their respective societies, wielding discriminatory systems as instruments to safeguard their socio-political standing. The clandestine efforts of these minority elites have thwarted attempts at dismantling the discriminatory scaffolding that has long stifled progress.

Social Cancer and Its Pervasive Impact:

The metaphorical term ‘social cancer’ encapsulates the insidious nature of both the Jim Crow system and the Varna and Caste system. These constructs, akin to malignant tumors, have spread their roots deep within the societal fabric, challenging the very essence of social peace and brotherhood.

In the United States, the scars of the Jim Crow era are still visible, manifesting in persisting racial disparities, systemic racism, and deep-seated mistrust between communities. The Varna and Caste system in India, on the other hand, has endured for millennia, etching indelible marks on the nation’s psyche. The pervasive impact of this social cancer is evident in the enduring divisions, prejudice, and inequalities that mar the quest for a harmonious coexistence.

Challenges to Social Peace and Brotherhood:

The ramifications of both discriminatory systems extend beyond the mere stratification of society. They pose formidable challenges to the very essence of social peace and brotherhood. In the United States, the Jim Crow era bred a climate of distrust and animosity between racial communities, hindering the nation’s progress towards genuine unity.

Similarly, in India, the caste system remains a formidable obstacle to national integration. Efforts to foster a sense of brotherhood among diverse communities are continually thwarted by the deeply entrenched divisions perpetuated by the caste system. The resultant fragmentation impedes the nation’s ability to forge a unified identity, essential for the coexistence of humanity.

As societies grapple with the legacies of these historical constructs, the imperative to dismantle the discriminatory edifices becomes evident. By acknowledging the shared narrative of societal division, humanity can strive towards fostering social peace, brotherhood, and equality. The echoes of Jim Crow and the caste system serve as poignant reminders that, in dismantling these historical injustices, we pave the way for a more harmonious coexistence, transcending the shackles of discrimination that have plagued societies for far too long.

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